Abstract:Package managers are legion. Every programming language and operating system has its own solution, each with subtly different semantics for dependency resolution. This fragmentation prevents multilingual projects from expressing precise dependencies across language ecosystems; it leaves external system and hardware dependencies implicit and unversioned; it obscures security vulnerabilities that lie in the full dependency graph. We present the \textit{Package Calculus}, a formalism for dependency resolution that unifies the core semantics of diverse package managers. Through a series of formal reductions, we show how this core is expressive enough to model the diversity that real-world package managers employ in their dependency expression languages. By using the Package Calculus as the intermediate representation of dependencies, we enable translation between distinct package managers and resolution across ecosystems.
2026年2月25日最近更新： 2026年2月26日
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tokenizer.load("vocab.txt");
春节刚过，日产便率先出手，一次性更新了四款车。
The energy regulator Ofgem’s quarterly cap will drop by 7% for the three months from April to £1,641 a year for the average combined gas and electricity bill in Great Britain for those paying by direct debit, from £1,758 under the current January-March cap.